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This paper describes the results of research and tests of different patterns of distillation processes for water reclamation from urine accomplished by NIICHIMMASH in cooperation with other companies. Several typical patterns of evaporation to air flow from water-retentive porous bodies, from the surface confined by capillary/porous membranes and from free liquid surface in rotary units under atmospheric and reduced pressure are analyzed. Relevant condensation processes are reviewed. Performance data for distillation unit of SS MIR system for water reclamation from urine are outlined. The paper highlights the prospects of distillation hardware development.

Practically any processes vital for autonomous inhabited systems require forced transfer of liquids. Therefore, such systems normally incorporate pumps of various types. The specific features of the autonomous inhabited systems result in the fact that the pumping equipment of these systems also has some specific features. The methods of selecting a particular type of pump and general estimate of its specific features are considered for one typical kind of autonomous inhabited system, i.e., for the life-support and survival systems of space vehicles.

Thermal distillation nowadays is a preferential method to obtain water from solutions with high salt content in both stationary devices and autonomous systems of low productivity. Under these conditions the autonomous system should possess compactness, low specific power consumption and operate under various extremal conditions. In a number of cases the apparatus in which technological processes proceed in the field of action of centrifugal forces meet these requirements.