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In recent years minor injuries from auto collisions continue to be a problem in terms of QOL (Quality Of Life). One of them is a whiplash injury which is caused by rear impacts. The Daihatsu Motor Company succeeded in developing a new seat structure for reducing whiplash injuries. In this paper, we describe a rear impact simulation model used to develop new seat structures. We first constructed an actual rear impact simulation model using a normal seat. Seat characteristics were measured by component tests. We next calculated a computer simulation model using the seat incorporating an anti-whiplash mechanism. We found the computer simulation model had the same effect as the experiment in reducing injury. Finally, in parameter studies, the OOP (Out Of Position) cases were found to correspond well with the experiment and could be applied to various purposes.

Numerical analyses of head and neck response during side impact are presented in this paper. A mathematical human model for side impact simulation was developed based on previous studies of other researchers. The effects of muscular activities during severe side impact were analyzed with the use of this model. This study shows that the effect of muscular activities is significant especially if the occupant is prepared to resist the impact. This result suggests that the modeling of muscles is important for the simulation of real accident situation.