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It is proposed the approach to the analysis of SC's thermal condition in orbital flight, based on study of its signal characteristics and thermal optical portraits, which are gotten with various resolutions. The given approach consists of analysis and comparison of measurements in various bands of spectrum of radiation and reflection characteristics of investigated SC, with calculated and experimental data. The calculated estimations of SC's infra-red radiation were carried out for the occurrence on it the typical non-standard situation. In this paper it is proposed the criteria, which can be used during the fulfillment of distant analysis of SC's functional condition on the base of the data of observation of its signal optical characteristics.

The thermal non-design conditions, or off-nominal situations concerned with the disturbances in operation of the passive and active means of temperature control are considered in paper. The possibilities of using of simplified fast-acting method of thermal state analysis are shown in specific examples. There is described the procedure of heating the orbital station “Salut-6” after the power system failure. Other examples of non-design conditions are concerned with S/C “Venera” and “Sojuz”.