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Technical Paper

A New Challenge for High Performance Two-Cycle Engine Oils

1988-10-01
881619
This paper describes a study of the effects of oil composition on visible smoke, engine cleanliness, and piston anti-seizure performance. Two laboratory tests, termed the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) method, and the HTT (Hot Tube Test) are investigated as screening tests for two-cycle engine oils. Two types of oil were developed to comply with stringent Japanese oil requirements. Firstly, smokeless type oils formulated, with high concentrations of polybutenes were introduced to greatly reduce visible smoke from two-cycle engines of high specific output. Secondly, low-friction oils containing ester type synthetic base stocks were developed to achieve higher engine output in racing applications.
Technical Paper

A New Challenge for High Performance Two-Cycle Engine Oils, Part-IV: Biodegradable Engine Oil with Low-Smoke Performance

2003-05-19
2003-01-2002
With increasing interest in environmental protection, it has become important to develop biodegradable oils for two-cycle engine that provide low smoke emissions, good biodegradability and good exhaust system blocking performance in land applications. For studying the effects of oil included in exhaust gas for environment, the biodegradability of unburned oil in exhaust gas from two-cycle engine was investigated. The unburned oils when used the oils blended with mineral oil and/or polybutene showed better biodegradability than the new oils. The unburned ester-based synthetic oils showed about the same biodegradability as new oils probably due to their thermo-oxidative stability. But the ester-based synthetic oils showed better biodegradability after exhausting. The developments of new oil to improve the performance of low smoke emissions, good biodegradability and less exhaust system blocking were tried.
Technical Paper

A New Challenge for High-Performance Two-Cycle Engine Oils, Part-II: Biodegradable Oil

1991-11-01
911277
This paper describes a study of the effects of two cycle engine oil composition on biodegradability and engine performance. With increasing interest in environmental protection, it becomes important to develop an oil that would not harm the environment. Desirable requirement was the development of a biodegradable oil with performance suitable for outboard engines, motorcycles, chain saws, and all other types of two-cycle engines. In addition to biodegradability, two key points for the development of this oil were the selection of a base oil that provided outstanding thermal stability and the blending of ashless dispersants that offered excellent high-temperature cleanliness. The developed oil which is formulated with properly selected esters and dispersants showed better performance than current biodegradable oils in every practical use.
Technical Paper

A Study of Visible Smoke Reduction from a Small Two-Stroke Engine Using Various Engine Lubricants

1977-02-01
770623
This paper relates the smoke reducing characteristics of two-cycle engine lubricants containing polybutene. Making use of these oils instead of conventional ones, not only smoke but also particulate emissions were reduced, while hydrocarbon concentrations were not affected at all. More than ninety percent of the particulates were unburned lubricant, which account for visible smoke. Diluents such as kerosene and leaner fuel/oil ratios also contributed to the reduction of both smoke and particulates.
Technical Paper

An Evaluation and Optimization of Lubricants for Turbocharged Gasoline Engines

1984-02-01
840261
In Japan, turbocharged passenger cars have recently been introduced with increased improvements in fuel economy and engine performance. However, a turbocharger is driven by hot exhaust gas, so that an engine oil with superior thermal stability is required. After studying a turbocharged engine's thermal effects, two laboratory screening tests that correlate with dynamometer engine tests were established. These tests, termed the panel coking test and the high temperature panel corrosion test, enable one to evaluate base oils, additive components and viscosity index improvers for a given engine oil. Finally, a 10W-30 engine oil formulated by using these tests, showed superior deposit control and anticorrosion performance in the dynamometer engine test and actual driving conditions.
Technical Paper

High Viscosity Index Petroleum Base Stocks - The High Potential Base Stocks for Fuel Economy Automotive Lubricants

1992-02-01
920659
A high viscosity index (HVI) petroleum base stock (VI=125), which is produced by a severe hydrocracking process, has been used in formulating an advanced SAE 5W-30 oil meeting API SG, EC-II and current ILSAC performance requirements in order to demonstrate potential fuel economy benefits of this oil. The oil was formulated by blending the HVI base stock with a small amount of a solvent-refined base stock to obtain an “optimal aromaticity”, a dispersant VI improver, an optimized combination of detergent and inhibitor, and a conventional ashless friction modifier. The fuel economy performance of this oil has been compared to that of a similarly formulated solvent-refined SAE 5W-30 oil using the Sequence VI test, a motored engine friction test, a new fired/motored friction test, and the EPA road simulator fuel economy test. The SAE 5W-30 HVI oil exhibited an improved fuel economy performance in the above tests, despite of higher HTHS viscosity of the HVI oil.
Technical Paper

Lubricating Oil Properties Affecting Fuel Economy in Diesel Engines

1981-11-01
811412
This paper summarizes the study of the effects of oil formulation on fuel consumption using Japanese diesel engines and vehicles. Several test techniques are described for screening fuel-efficient diesel engine oils. A diesel engine oil formulated with the optimized combination of detergent-inhibitor package and friction modifier (borate), and multigraded to 10W-30, proved to exhibit the maximum fuel economy and to pass requirements for CD quality. The improvements demonstrated in dynamometer engine tests have been confirmed in extensive field testing.
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