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A few years ago, electric vehicles (EVs) were considered to be objects of the distant future … technology that was still in its infancy, not yet ready and for those outside the “high pollution” areas probably not even worth the expenditure. But the present day scenario has changed dramatically. In the United States of America, several states are following California's lead and the need for the operating fleets to commit to purchase of Zero Emission vehicles (ZEVs) is becoming a requirement. In order to make the technology available to the utilities … as well as the public, state of the art, affordable batteries are essential for making EVs a reality and an effective means of transportation.

Automotive electric vehicle application requires high voltage to provide the power necessary for the traction motor. Generally these voltages are in excess of several hundred volts. Owing to the high voltages it is important to detect any potentially hazardous leakage current in the event of a dielectric breakdown of the high voltage system with reference to chassis ground.