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The availability of cylinder pressure sensors for use in production engines opens new possibilities for engine control. The use of these sensors allows reliable cylinder-individual measurement and control of the combustion process. To gain improvements in fuel economy and power output through the use of this information, appropriate models have to be developed. This paper describes a model for the estimation of the air mass as well as the residual gas fraction within the cylinder of a spark ignition (SI) engine. It has been found that the model allows good estimates within the normal operating range of an SI engine running at stoichiometric conditions.