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The engine exhaust aftertreatment needs for diesel heavy duty vehicles and passenger cars are reviewed. A short discussion on current engine based emission reduction technologies helps lead to the description of after treatment technologies. The predominant technologies applied are oxidation catalysts for both passenger cars as well as heavy duty trucks and buses. The oxidation catalyst utilizes a large frontal area, flow-through ceramic substrate to remove the SOF, HC, and CO emissions. High efficiency particulate matter removal can be achieved with the use of ceramic diesel particulate filters. The properties and performance data of flow-through substrates as well as particulate traps are discussed in this paper.