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The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-2 specification requires Passenger Car Motor oils to provide enhanced fuel economy in a modern low friction engine (ASTM Sequence VIA). The durability of this fuel economy improvement is becoming increasingly important and will be address in the successor to the Sequence VIA, the Sequence VIB, which is currently under development for ILSAC GF-3. Previous investigations have indicated that the choice of detergent system and friction modifier has a large impact on the fuel economy of a lubricant. As a result of a study undertaken to further investigate these effects in a 1994 Ford Crown Victoria running the EPA Federal Test Procedure, a significant impact on tailpipe emissions was discovered. Detergent system affected both regulated emissions (hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions), and non-regulated emissions (carbon dioxide emissions).

The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-2 specification requires Passenger Car Motor Oils to provide enhanced fuel economy in a modern low friction engine (ASTM Sequence VIA). The durability of this fuel economy improvement is becoming increasingly important and will be addressed in the successor to the Sequence VIA, the Sequence VIB, which proposed for ILSAC GF-3. Previous investigations have indicated that the choice of detergent system and friction modifier have a large impact on the fuel economy of a lubricant, and this study was designed to analyze these effects further. The work was carried out in three phases. In the first phase, seven detergent systems were evaluated and compared to currently available GF-2 lubricant in a vehicle equipped with a 4.6L SOHC V8 engine using a 500-mile Accelerated Mileage Accumulation (AMA) cycle.

The international Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-2 specification requires Passenger Car Motor Oils to provide enhanced fuel economy in a modern low friction engine (ASTM Sequence VIA). In previous SAE publications the authors have studied the boundary lubrication regime and documented the impact of friction modifiers and antiwear additives on Sequence VIA fuel economy. This paper shifts the focus to the hydrodynamic lubrication regime and details fundamental studies of viscosity modifiers and base oils on fuel economy as measured by this low friction engine. The viscosity modifiers were found to have surprisingly little impact on this test, while moving to base oils of higher viscosity index improved fuel economy as might be theoretically expected. A study of formulating SAE 5W-30 motor oils with base oils of increasing viscosity index showed the optimum fuel economy was able to be obtained with a high viscosity index base stock.

The proposed International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-2 specification requires Passenger Car Motor Oils to provide enhanced fuel economy in a modern low friction engine (Sequence VIA). This paper details fundamental studies of lubricant effects on fuel economy as measured by this low friction engine. Several conventional friction modifiers were tested with surprising results. One ester friction modifier, Ester B, which provides excellent fuel economy improvement in the Sequence VI, was found to be detrimental to the Sequence VIA. A second ester friction modifier, Ester A, performed as expected. Additionally, two molybdenum compounds, which are reported to provide excellent fuel economy in the Sequence VI, showed no fuel economy benefit in the Sequence VIA.