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The significance and the number of vehicle safety features enabled via connectivity continue to increase. OnStar, with its automatic airbag notification, was one of the first vehicle safety features that demonstrate the enhanced safety benefits of connectivity. Vehicle connectivity benefits have grown to include remote software updates, data analytics to aid with preventative maintenance and even to theft prevention and recovery. All of these services require available and reliable connectivity. However, except for the airbag notification, none have strict latency requirements. For example, software updates can generally be postponed till reliable connectivity is available. Data required for prognostic use cases can be stored and transmitted at a later time. A new set of use cases are emerging that do demand continuous, reliable and low latency connectivity. For example, remote control of autonomous vehicles may be required in unique situations.

The removal of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere of a Royal Naval submarine should it suffer a distressed submarine (DISSUB) condition would be achieved by the use of canisters containing soda lime. The canisters are fitted to an absorption unit where air is drawn through the canister by the means of an electrically powered fan and is thus an “active” system. A recent review of laboratory trials data has indicated that when operated at either low temperature or high ambient pressure there is a reduction in the useful CO2 absorption rate and capacity of the canister. The loss of absorptive capacity reduces the time available for effective atmosphere purification and could lead to the submarine crew being forced to escape earlier than anticipated. To allow an accurate prediction of the canisters absorption capacity and effective duration in realistic DISSUB scenarios more data was required.