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This paper describes a head-up display (HUD) which uses a volume hologram as one of its optical elements. The hologram functions as a concave mirror for a specified wavelength range but is transparent to other wavelengths including infrared. Ghost images were eliminated by surface treatment of the hologram at recording and reconstruction. A wide diffraction spectral band was obtained by applying a multiple-exposure method to the hologram made of dichromated gelatin. Basically, the HUD consists of a high brightness vacuum fluorescent display, the holographic mirror, an aluminium concave mirror, and a windshield with a reflective coating as a combiner. The image is projected at about 2 meters in front of the driver. The maximum brightness is about 1200 cd/m2 and the display color is green.

In a four-cycle, naturally aspirated, pre-chamber diesel engine, the combustion characteristics such as the rates of fuel injection, the ignition lag, the rates of heat release, the combustion peak pressure, the maximum rates of pressure rise, and the smoke density, were investigated for over 70 consecutive cycles under acceleration, with the aid of an on-line data handling system developed for this experiment. The effects of operating conditions such as the fuel injection timing, the fuel spray angle, the wall temperature of the combustion chamber, and the coolant temperature, on the combustion characteristics were also investigated.