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A new isolated AC-DC converter for an on-board charger has been developed. It consists of an AC-DC converter with Gradationally Controlled Voltage Inverter and an isolated zero-voltage-switching DC-DC converter. To make these converters cooperate efficiently over the wide range of operating voltage conditions, we developed an optimized converter control. As a result, the new isolated AC-DC converter can operate with power conversion efficiency of over 94%.

To reduce the oil consumption in diesel engines, the combination of top ring gap clearance (C1) and second ring gap clearance (C2) (ring gap balance) was applied. The effect of the ring gap balance on piston ring axial motion and second land pressure was observed and factors to control oil consumption were analyzed. The authors obtained a technique to reduce oil consumption by decreasing second land pressure and thus making second ring liable to lift off. Blow up gas was significantly concerned about oil consumption of blow-by gas.