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This paper summarizes the development of a wireless message from infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) for safety applications based on Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) under a cooperative agreement between the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners LLC (CAMP) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). During the development of the Curve Speed Warning (CSW) and Reduced Speed Zone Warning with Lane Closure (RSZW/LC) safety applications [1], the Basic Information Message (BIM) was developed to wirelessly transmit infrastructure-centric information. The Traveler Information Message (TIM) structure, as described in the SAE J2735, provides a mechanism for the infrastructure to issue and display in-vehicle signage of various types of advisory and road sign information. This approach, though effective in communicating traffic advisories, is limited by the type of information that can be broadcast from infrastructures.

This paper summarizes the validation of prototype vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) safety applications based on Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) in the United States under a cooperative agreement between the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners LLC (CAMP) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). After consideration of a number of V2I safety applications, Red Light Violation Warning (RLVW), Curve Speed Warning (CSW) and Reduced Speed Zone Warning with Lane Closure Warning (RSZW/LC) were developed, validated and demonstrated using seven different vehicles (six passenger vehicles and one Class 8 truck) leveraging DSRC-based messages from a Road Side Unit (RSU). The developed V2I safety applications were validated for more than 20 distinct scenarios and over 100 test runs using both light- and heavy-duty vehicles over a period of seven months. Subsequently, additional on-road testing of CSW on public roads and RSZW/LC in live work zones were conducted in Southeast Michigan.

There are several types of airbag sensor available today. Each type of sensor has unique response characteristics to impact. Mathematical models for five types of sensor, three mechanical, two electronic, have been developed, in order to clarify the difference of the characteristics. First, three mechanical sensors are examined at marginal and high speed crash. And it was found that two(spring-mass sensor and rotary sensor) of these three sensors have almost same characteristics, and the other (air-damped sensor) is unique as it is more sensitive to velocity change, and its response is influenced by cross-axis vibration too, at low speed crash. Second, five sensors including two electronic ones are compared as a single point sensor(a sensing system detecting a crash at a single location of the vehicle). From the comparative study, an electronic sensor which is sensitive both velocity change and vibration is derived to be most desirable from a viewpoint of crash detection.

This paper describes the behavior of a driver side occupant restrained by airbag system on a passenger vehicle at a frontal barrier crash. In order to secure effective occupant protection at collisions, it is necessary to conduct close examination into the movement of steering system due to the rearward movement of dashboard as well as vehicle deformation characteristics, generally for vehicles whose crash space at engine compartment is small. The authors examine the influence of these two parameters on occupant injury indices using MADYMO 2D computer simulation program. As a result, it is found important to model the axial collapse and the rotation of steering system in the vertical plane caused by dashboard deformation, in order to achieve good correlations between experiment and simulation. It is demonstrated.