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Apart from the reduction of engine-out emissions from the powerplant, the development of an efficient and reliable catalytic converter heating system is an important task of automotive engineering in the future to meet standards that will require reduction of cold start emissions. Carrying out a comprehensive study in this field, BMW has tested and evaluated possible solutions to this challenge. In additon to the electrically heated catalytic converter (E-cat) and the afterburner chamber, an incorporated burner system would meet the requirement for fast catalyst light-off in the future, particularly in the case of larger engines.

Vehicle longitudinal motion is decisively influenced by engine-control functions. The dynamics of the mixture formation in particular can lead to uncontrolled variations in the air/fuel ratio. This has a considerable adverse effect on ride comfort as well as exhaust emissions. Changes in the indicated torque following a throttle alteration are analysed, reaction sequences differing in time response are separated. Physics-based control functions can thus be established, achieving better results than a purely empirical method.