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The EPEFE research programme is the largest European investigation of the effects of vehicle/fuel technologies on exhaust emissions. This paper consolidates and summarizes the more than 500 000 data points and compares and contrasts the effects of fuel properties in different vehicles and engines. While the relationships between fuel properties/engine technologies and exhaust emissions are complex, it has been possible to develop equations that model these interactions. The paper demonstrates how the output of EPEFE has been used to predict inventories of emissions from the european traffic for the period 2000-2010. The need for continuing co-operation between the Oil/Auto Industries and the Legislative Authorities to further understand the complex relationships is discussed.