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In the course of CRYOSYSTEM phase B (development phase) financed by the European Space Agency, AIR LIQUIDE (France) and Astrium Space Infrastructure (Germany) have developed an optimized design of a −183°C freezer to be used on board the International Space Station for the freezing and storage of biological samples. The CRYOSYSTEM facility consists of the following main elements: - the CRYORACK, an outfitted standard payload rack (ISPR) accommodating up to three identical Vial Freezers - the Vial Freezer, a dewar vessel capable of fast and ultra-rapid freezing, and storing up to approximately 900 vials below −183°C; the dewar is cooled by a Stirling machine producing > 6 W at 90 K. The Vial Freezer is operational while accommodated in the CRYORACK or attached to the Life Science Glovebox (LSG). One CRYORACK will remain permanently on-orbit for several years while four Vial Freezers and two additional CRYORACKs support the cyclic upload/download of samples.

BIOBOX is an ESA Incubator Facility able to accommodate a variety of biological experiment in a controlled, predetermined temperature environment. It has been designed as a Payload for the unmanned Russian satellites of the BION, FOTON and RESURS families. The first operative flight took place in December 1992. Some anomalies prevented the mission to be a complete success. A study was initiated by ESA Microgravity Division to identify the causes of the anomalies and to take the needed countermeasures to avoid they will occur again on future flights. The study was performed jointly by ESA/ESTEC and the Industry by means of theoretical analyses and tests. The results indicated that the main cause of the anomalies was the harsh thermal environment determined by the lack of eclipses during the mission time. However, they also pointed out to the need for refurbishment and design improvements of the original design of the facility.