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New technological advancements are driven by the need to fulfil the long-standing human aspirations. Today's scenario is witnessing the spate of vehicles, majority of them are 2-stroke engine powered, plying on Indian roads leading to carcinogenic exhaust emissions. This is severely affecting the ambient air quality. The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) has designed and developed a novel system, called pumpless lubrication system, to meet the lubrication requirement of 2-stroke engine in an effort to curb pollution. Uniqueness of the system lies in its simplicity, optimum oil supply, lower emissions, cost effectiveness and easy retrofitability etc. The aim of this system is to provide low cost solution to the emissions from 2-stroke engined vehicles. This system can be used for vehicle operating on liquid as well as gaseous fuels. System fitted on engine has been optimised in terms of oil consumption, emissions, etc.

A three-wheeler is a symbol of mobility at low cost for a common man in India. Due to high loading compared to its 2-wheeler counterpart, the 3-wheeler emit higher emissions and serious efforts are being made by the manufacturer to minimize the emissions. ARAI and Emitec have undertaken a Technology Demonstrator Project to investigate the application of metallic substrates and Emitubes for a typical carburetted 2-stroke 3-seater 3-wheeler with an aim to introduce a cost effective practically viable option of reducing exhaust emissions to meet INDIA 2000 emission norms. Now-a-days, there are 3-wheelers available which are offering lower emissions levels. It was the intention of the authors, not to use such a clean vehicle for a better demonstration of the efficiency of current catalyst technology. Here, a 3-wheeler manufactured in 1996 has been selected, for which a converter is designed employing a software developed by Emitec.