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The effect of multiple-injection strategy on nozzle hole cavitation has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. A common-rail Diesel injection system, used by Toyota in passenger car engines, has been employed together with a double-shutter CCD camera in order to visualise cavitation inside a submerged and optically accessible (in one out of the six holes) real-size VCO nozzle. Initially the cavitation development was investigated in single injection events followed by flow images obtained during multiple injections consisting of a pilot and a main injection pulse. In order to identify the effect of pilot injection on cavitation development during the main injection, the dwell time between the injection events was varied between 1.5-5ms for different pilot injection quantities. The extensive test matrix included injection pressures of 400 and 800bar and back pressures ranging from 2.4 up to 41bar.

RIM polyurethanes are used extensively by the Automotive Industry for fascia and body trim applications. As with all manufacturing processes, some quantity of waste product is generated. In the case of RIM, it is mostly gates, runners, and imperfect parts. As the environmental and economic demands to recycle continue to increase, it will become more important that all options for recycling be exploited. In Europe, for example, the pressures to recycle are already great. Major European RIM molders are currently recycling in-house or supplying RIM waste materials to add value to other products. This will most certainly also be the situation in the United States in the not too distant future. There are several technically viable methods to recycle RIM. These include adhesive molding, compression molding, chemolysis, pyrolysis, and 3 stream technology, One of the most recent methods of recycling RIM is just being put into production at European RIM molders.

A higher versatility is required from medium size bulldozers as vehicles other than large size bulldozers. Therefore the design concept of the transmission for medium size bulldozers has to be changed to that of large size bulldozers. We adopted combination of high capacity torque convertor and low reduction (high output speed) cross ratio gear train for medium size bulldozers' transmission. We also evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of rotating clutches, and decided not to use the rotating clutches in new transmission for medium size bulldozers, because of their disadvantages. By these design concepts and material technology, we can reduce the transmission size and improve the efficiency.