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The design of recovery steam generators for incineration plants encounters certain specific problems, related to the nature of the exhausted gases, which, if not properly faced, can strongly condition the conduction of the whole system. Two problems, namely, demand for particular attention: the corrosion at high temperature and the formation of organochlorine compounds, in presence of ashes and/or deposits for definite temperature intervals. These phenomena can be controlled and minimized, whenever possible, by limiting to the greatest extent the regions where the temperatures of the metallic walls and of the ashes and/or deposits are within the critical interval.

The problem of energy recovery from biomass by means of a combustion process, while assuming more and more importance, accordingly with the Kyoto Protocol, is requiring as well processes able to optimize efficiencies. Such optimization should not only be related to possible plant solutions, but should also take into relevant consideration the characteristics of biomasses used, which cause, through the combustion process, different problems mainly of the environmental kind and not of easy solution. The present paper analyzes such problems by keeping in due account the different factors capable of influencing at the end the adopted solution. Particularly, the possibility to employ complex cycles is discussed with reference to both the kind of fuel employed and the plant size. It is also emphasized how the possible energy costs can condition the optimum choice, mainly if influenced by binding rules.