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The objective was to rank piston friction and noise for three piston architectures at three cold clearance conditions. Piston secondary motion was measured using four gap sensors mounted on each piston skirt to better understand the friction and noise results. One noticeable difference in friction performance from conventional designs was as engine speed increased the friction force during the expansion stroke decreased. This was accompanied by relatively small increases in friction force during the other strokes so Friction Mean Effective Pressure (FMEP) for the whole cycle was reduced. Taguchi's Design of Experiment method was used to analyze the variances in friction and noise.

This paper presents a real-time vehicle powertrain simulator and a pseudo real-time multi-vehicle platoon simulator. The developed powertrain simulator simulates the complex vehicle powertrain dynamics, including detailed shifting transients, in the PC environment in real time. The driver input is provided using a throttle pedal interfaced using the game port. The processor requirements vary depending on the simulation options selected. In the basic version, this requirement is only approximately 20% of a 300 MHz Pentium II- based PC. For multi-vehicle platoon simulation, a network configuration is proposed. It links several individual powertrain simulations via the TCP/IP network. This network platoon simulation is also linked to a server which graphically displays the multi-vehicle platoon operation. In this network configuration, due to a random delay in data transfer the simulation time kernel is made to lag real time.