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BAS assists driver's by automatically increasing their braking power during an emergency brake event when the driver is unable to apply a sufficient brake force.. There are two performance requirements that BAS must fulfill in order to be employed effectively. One is the ability to activate when the driver suddenly applies brakes in an emergency while the other is the ability to provide additional assistance. Further study of BAS activation timing and degree of assistance in relation to driver acceptance is needed. The driver's acceptance of BAS refers to the BAS activation only during an emergency. A study was conducted to clarify drivers' emergency braking characteristics and measure the frequency of BAS activation during normal braking. One aim of the study was to verify driver characteristics during emergency braking on a test course.

The main evaluation methods of two-stroke engine oil were standardized as the JASO (JASO: Japanese Automobile Standard Organization) method in 1993(1). After the establishment of the JASO specification, the authors executed an evaluation of various oils. As a result, it has been determined that an examination method that also evaluates the differences in demands on oil caused by regional characteristics and use conditions of the engine is necessary. Thus, the three following methods were developed. The first is a method of low-temperature detergency examination. The second is a method of low-temperature start-ability examination. The third is an exhaust port carbon blocking examination. These three examination methods are explained in full in this paper.

YAMAHA MOTOR CO., LTD. has developed the YCLS system described in this report. The YCLS provides electrical support for a mechanical oil pump to offset its disadvantage. This system can reduce oil consumption at low engine speeds. As a result, it achieves its aim of reducing exhaust smoke, thus improving the dirty image of 2-stroke gasoline engines. Since the system reduces oil consumption in actual operation, it can be said that the technology contributes to resource saving.

Two-stroke gasoline engine is lightweight, compact and has numerous advantages. However, because of its inherent engine configuration, engine oil is used as once-through system and is discarded, resulting in exhaust smoke in some occasions. In order to reduce the exhaust smoke, it is imperative to make improvement not only in engine itself but also in oil used. No standard method was available to evaluate engine smoke performance. This study was initiated to devise a simple evaluation method. In two studies reported here, evaluation of oil alone and evaluation of oil performance in actual engines are given. Following two facts were found as a result. The first item is the fact that oil can be evaluated by any actual engine performance evaluation method once the engine used and the method used are specified. The simplest and the most accurate method among the actual engine performance methods is the method to use the small two-stroke electric generator.