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This paper describes the dependency of characteristics of studless tires on ice, on macro and micro texture of the ice surface. The work has been conducted on bulk ice track coated on the drum of an indoor tire tester. In order to clarify the effect of micro texture, iced roads composed of different ices (different in shape and size of crystals) are made by means of controlling the growth rate of ice. Macro unevenness of ice surface was incrementally created by given amounts of travel of studded tires, to clarify the effect of macro texture. Results are that the characteristics exhibit on “ideal” (dense and smooth) ice a remarkable dependency on ice temperature but that this dependency is much smaller in case of any other ice condition.

This paper describes a test method that evaluates the emergency braking capability of a tire on ice using an ice-covered drum tester. The value of the braking force is affected by the amount of crushed ice stuck to the tire. With a low rotation speed for the tire, this effect can be reduced. Utilizing this technique, braking force - velocity characteristics on ice at various temperature are obtained.