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Most automatic transmissions are controlled in compliance with a predetermined program. Transient control during gear shift is also carried out according to a predetermined process. In this method a lot of labor is required to tune data tables. So we developed a tuning free system by feedback control using torque estimation technology and the experimental result is reported. Torque fluctuation during shift is detected and fed back to compare the torque reference, which is generated from the estimated torque itself. The engine torque is decreased by means of retarding the ignition spark advance, according to the comparison deviation. As a consequence of the feedback, the transient torque control is carried out without any tuning trouble, and better than usual torque fluctuation is obtained.

The applicability in adverse environment is essential for an injector for engines to use in motorcycles or power products. In view of that, what was considered most important in the development of this product was the applicability in diversifying environment, which was assumed to become even more adverse in the future. Accordingly developed is the injector that is more corrosion-resistant and waterproof. To improve corrosion resistance, an oxide layer is created by the surface reforming referred to as passivation. To attain steady coating, optimum passivation conditions such as the temperature, time and chemical-substance concentration are selected. Thus, the new injector that can cope with a high-alcohol-content fuel has been developed. To improve water-sealing, the double-resin-molding structure is employed in the coil for better adhesion of resin. The choice of optimum molding conditions ensures better sealing.

We have extended application of fuel injectors (hereafter as “injector”) for small motorcycle engines in developing countries by making it compatible with various engine displacements and trims as well as satisfying the needs from a variety of operating and environmental conditions. The motorcycles with a small-displacement engine are mainly for developing countries and often have an uncovered engine. Accordingly, a noise-insulating cover was indispensable to insulate injector noises. Since it was necessary to attain a low cost for the complete motorcycle by eliminationof the noise-insulation cover for extensive application of an electronic fuel injection system (hereafter “FI”) in developing countries, we developed the quiet injector by thorough reduction of mass of the needle valve and lowering of the operation speed.