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A dual piston Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine has been newly developed. This compact VCR system uses the inertia force and hydraulic pressure accompanying the reciprocating motion of the piston to raise and lower the outer piston and switches the compression ratio in two stages. For the torque characteristic enhancement and the knocking prevention when the compression ratio is being switched, it is necessary to carry out engine controls based on accurate compression ratio judgment. In order to accurately judge compression ratio switching timing, a control system employing the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was used to analyze vibration generated during the compression ratio switching. Also, in order to realize smooth torque characteristics, an ignition timing control system that separately controls each cylinder and simultaneously performs knocking control was constructed.

A hybrid simulation model in the transient bench was developed to realize the characteristics of the transient behavior and the fuel economy equivalent to that of a real vehicle. The motors and the batteries that were main components of the hybrid vehicle system were simulated as constructive modules, the functions of which have the integrated control and the input/output (I/O) function with real components. This model enabled us to accommodate a variety of auxiliary (AUX) I/O flexibly. The accuracy of the model was verified by the transient characteristics of the engine and the fuel economy result through correlation with a mass-produced vehicle. Furthermore, the flexibility of the model to a variety of AUX I/O was examined from the simulation test of the vehicle equipped with the waste heat recovery (WHR) system.

1 This report describes the development of an automotive radar system which uses a laser diode as a light source. The time taken for a laser beam to travel to a vehicle ahead and to be reflected back is used to calculate distances between vehicles. This information is further processed and compared with continuous calculations of safe distances. When the actual distance between vehicles becomes less than the estimated safe distance, an audio warning signal is issued to alert the driver.

An inherent characteristic of the rotary engine geometry is its high surface-to-volume ratio. This results in a high quenching effect at the trailing portion of the charge. Combination of rich mixtures in the end gases together with high quenching effects reduces the octane requirement. It also means, however, that the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) concentrations are relatively high, whereas the NOx concentrations are quite low. Thermal reactors have been the Toyo Kogyo Co.'s principal approach to the control of CO and HC exhaust emissions.