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In modern Diesel engines at the best point a theoretical thermal efficiency up to 50% can be reached and, with supercharging, it is possible to obtain mean effective pressures comparable to those of Otto engines. In spite of this successful development, power density, partload behavoir, pollutant emissions and noise levels are still too high to fulfill future environmental demands. With so called hybrid engine concepts, a combination of procedures of Otto- and Diesel engines, so far only a marginal improvement of today's Otto- and Diesel engines could be reached.