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A hybrid powertrain offers the potential of a significant fuel saving for heavy-duty Diesel vehicles, which results in CO2 reduction of more than 20%, depending on the application. Using advanced future fuels, like HVO offers additional CO2 saving potential. In addition, the future Diesel engine needs to comply with the next generation of emission legislation, given by the European EUVII and the US EPA2027 regulatory frameworks. To achieve these limits, a combination of different technologies for the engine and the aftertreatment system are required. The proposed paper will present these technology solutions and their impact on CO2 and emissions by means of engine testing and simulation.

The first concept and early experiments of a mechanical counter pressure (MCP) spacesuit were published by Webb in the late 1960's. MCP provides an alternative approach to the conventional full pressure suit that bears some significant advantages, such as increased mobility, dexterity, and tactility. The presented ongoing research provides a thorough investigation of the physiological effect of mechanical counter pressure applied onto the human skin. In this study, we investigated local microcirculatory effects produced with negative and positive ambient pressure on the lower body as a preliminary study for a lower body garment. The data indicates that the positive pressure was less tolerable than negative pressure. Lower body negative and positive pressure cause various responses in skin blood flow due to not only blood shifts but also direct exposure to pressure differentials.

The new EDC model formulation based on the operator-splitting procedure applied to the mass conservation equations for species participating in reversible chemical reactions which can be interpreted as representing combustion in a partially stirred reactor (PaSR) volume is presented. The model has been implemented in the KIVA-3V code, and examples of the model application to spray and gas combustion are illustrated, first, by the results of the 3-D modeling of the Diesel DI Volvo D12C engine. The combustion mechanism of diesel oil surrogate included of 68 species (including soot aromatic precursors) participating in 280 reversible reactions. Mean features of diesel spray engine combustion under conditions of delayed injection when auto-ignition has much in common with HCCI process are predicted in accordance with experimental data.

The first concept and early experiments of a Mechanical Counter Pressure (MCP) spacesuit were published by Webb in the late 1960's. MCP provides an alternative approach to the conventional full pressure suit that bears some significant advantages, such as increased mobility, dexterity, and tactility. The presented ongoing research provides a thorough investigation of the physiological effect of mechanical counter pressure applied onto the human skin. In this study, we investigated local microcirculatory effects produced with negative and positive ambient pressure on a bare arm, and with a MCP glove and sleeve. The data indicates that the MCP glove and sleeve effectively counteracted the adverse effects of negative environmental pressure.

The first concept and early experiments of a Mechanical Counter Pressure (MCP) spacesuit were published by Webb in the late 1960’s. MCP provides an alternative approach to the conventional full pressure suit that bears some potential advantages, such as increased mobility, dexterity, and tactility. The presented ongoing research provides a thorough investigation of the physiological effect of mechanical counter pressure applied onto the human skin. Preliminary results are presented from glovebox testing with an existing MCP glove. The data indicates that properly applied mechanical counter pressure greatly reduces the effect of low-pressure exposure, which makes MCP a viable technology for spacesuit gloves.

An onboard simultaneous measuring method of solar absorptance αS and total hemispherical emittance εH for thermal control materials is proposed. This method allows to determine αS and εH simultaneously by giving different levels of input power to a sheet heater attached to the sample, and there is no need to use the values of the mass or the specific heat of the sample materials for the data reduction. In order to verify this method on the ground, the parameters αS and εH are measured for three kinds of thermal control materials.

This paper describes the extensive effort and progress made by the Toyo Kogyo Company in developing emission control systems applicable to small vehicles with small displacement reciprocating engines, in order to achieve the very stringent targets established by the IIEC program. Three concept emission package systems have been selected as showing promise to achieve the targets, and these packages have been under evaluation for emission performance and durability in the total vehicle systems, which were experimentally built. These package systems incorporate component systems such as thermal reactors, EGR, catalytic converters, and other subcomponents to assist these main component systems. Despite the effort made to date, none of these package systems have reached the stage of satisfying the HC/CO targets over extended vehicle mileage, or the NOx target, even at zero vehicle miles. The durability of these package systems has been revealed as unsatisfactory.