Technical Paper
Advanced Catalyst Technologies with Low Precious Metals for Indian Two Wheeler Applications
2003-01-18
2003-26-0022
India, as a major two and three wheeler production center in the world, is also leading with the stringent emission regulations for this segment of the vehicles. Emission legislations were introduced in 1991 and have been progressively tightened since 1996. The present legislations of 2.0 g/km CO, 2.0 g/km HC+ NOx for two wheelers and 4.0 g/km CO, 2.0 g/km HC+NOx for three wheelers, are being considered as the most stringent in the world. In addition, a voluntary emission warranty of 30,000 km by the manufacturers of two and three wheelers and a deterioration factor of 1.2 on the emission norms of the catalyst equipped vehicles, put an additional strain on the catalyst technologies, as well as on the overall vehicle systems. In order to meet these challenges, and with focus on the cost effective solutions required for developing countries like India, new advanced catalyst technologies have been developed with improved performance and even lower precious metal content.