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The geometry and area of the notch in the swirl control valve installed in the intake port were varied to analyze the effects on HC emissions. A swirl control valve functions to promote the formation of a homogeneous mixture, enabling the amount of liquid fuel supplied to the cylinder to be reduced. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain an added effect through the combined use of a swirl control valve and an auxiliary-air type of injector for assisting fuel atomization. Tumble (vertical swirl) flow fields are effective in shortening the combustion period. This results in a higher exhaust gas temperature at an equivalent level of combustion stability. It was thought that swirl flow fields produce residual gas flow in the cylinder after the completion of the main combustion period. It is surmised that the residual gas flow functions to diffuse and promote after-burning of the unburned HC layer.

In accordance with the CAFE program, for lighter-wight of a loudspeaker, the weight and performance of loudspeakers were analyzed, and thereby a lighter-weight loudspeaker has been developed. This loudspeaker consists of a light-weight magnetic circuit with a higher magnetic-flux utilization rate and a high-rigidity light-weight frame. In the first place, this paper describes the weight-contributing-rate of a loudspeaker by analyzing the weight constitution of conventional loudspeakers. In the next place, for the magnetic circuit with the highest weight-contributing-rate, a light weight magnetic circuit structure which enhances the magnetic-utilization-rate of the magnet through the C A E analysis and the axis of easy magnetization of the Nd-Fe-B system magnet with high energy-product are described.