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This study proposes a new algorithm that can render a realistic image of an automotive rear lamp using the backward ray tracing method. To produce a realistic image similar to that perceived by the human eye, the physical transformation procedures of light energy are traced by a spectral interaction definition. The incident light energy at the eye point estimated by a ray tracing algorithm is represented by XYZ tri-stimulus values, which are then converted into RGB values considering the particular display device. A more effective form of light source modeling than the Monte-Carlo integration method is also applied for accurate simulation. Finally, comparisons of traced results and real measurements are performed in terms of the spectral distribution, image detail, and visual experiments.

ACRs (All Clear Reflectors), also widely referred to as FFRs (Free Form Reflectors), were designed in general and intelligent ways using a NURBS surface for the mathematical modeling of the reflector shape and artificial intelligence as the optimum design algorithm. An ACR, which consists of a continuous surface reflector and clear outer lens, offers styling advantages and provides a high quality light performance. The clear outer lens of an ACR remains efficient even with a highly inclined shape, as in the design of a sports car, plus the complete clearness of the reflector surface eliminates the nuisance of stray light caused by the steps between individual segments of multi-faced reflectors. The design technique of an ACR was also successfully applied and tested with all types of lamps, including low beams, high beams, fog lamps, and turn signal lamps.