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Diesel engines are highly potential for better fuel economy due to a high thermal efficiency and fuel diversity. They are largely expected to contribute to a low carbon society in the future. Diesel engines have been developed for the purpose of controlling global warming and improving the air quality and health effects in the world. Although particles produced by combustion in cylinders of the diesel engines are emitted to the air, they are dramatically reduced by beyond 99.9% after being trapped by a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) of the after-treatment systems. However phenomena of the formation of the particles in the cylinders and exhaust behaviors of the particles after being trapped by the DPF are not clearly explained yet (1)-(6) and effects of the DOC on the formation and the reduction of the particles are still not clarified (7)(8).

Diesel engines have high potential for better fuel economy due to a high thermal efficiency and fuel diversity. They are largely expected to contribute to a low carbon society in the future. This paper describes how the increase of the Biodiesel Fuel (BDF) mixing ratio reduces CO, HC, smoke and engine-out particle number (PN) concentration. Most notably, the PN concentration by using BDF100 can be reduced to approximately a half of diesel fuels. Additionally, this paper shows that the PN concentration from the tail pipe is reduced by over 99.95% with a DPF. Further, this paper also introduces the relationship between fuel consumption (FC), PN concentration and engine oil.