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New emission regulations require innovation in the engine intake air loop. To satisfy these requirements, new architectures of cooling systems are in the process of development. These systems use valves to regulate the exhaust gas pressure and distribution in the intake cooling loop and ultimately combustion chambers. Since lower pressure is involved in the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), Water Charge Air Cooler (WCAC) or Air Charge Air Cooler (ACAC), the condensation of exhaust gas takes place and very acidic solutions are generated. In the absence of such new architecture of cooling system in service and in order to evaluate the corrosion risk that the acidic solutions from exhaust gases condensate could create in the EGR system, several tests have been proposed as representative for simulation of service conditions.

Injury to the lower extremity during an automotive crash is a significant problem. While the introduction of safety features (i.e. seat belts, air bags) has significantly reduced fatalities, lower extremity injury now occurs more frequently, probably for a variety of reasons. Lower extremity trauma is currently based on a bone fracture criterion derived from human cadaver impact experiments. These impact experiments, conducted in the 1960's and 70's, typically used a rigid impact interface to deliver a blunt insult to the 90° flexed knee. The resulting criterion states that 10 kN is the maximum load allowed at the knee during an automotive crash when certifying new automobiles using anthropomorphic dummies. However, clinical studies suggest that subfracture loading can cause osteochondral microdamage which can progress to a chronic and debilitating joint disease.

Nuisance odors from the climatic system of passenger cars, have put in alert the evaporator manufacturers to implement solutions in order to eliminate or reduce the intensity of those odors. There is not much information available in the literature concerning the odors in the climatic system, however, it is recognized that the most important factors contributing to the nuisance odors development in the air conditioning system are: the architecture of the air conditioning system, and the surface treatment of the evaporator. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance, corrosion resistance, and nuisance odors among different surface treatments available in the industrial market and propose solutions to reduce their intensity.