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Energy efficiency programs provide short-term economical benefits and long-term risk mitigation of fossil-fuel supply instability and global warming. This paper discusses possible energy efficiency goals for risk mitigation by reviewing: 1 Historical rates of energy efficiency improvement 2 Program-induced rates of energy efficiency improvement 3 Estimated improvement rates needed to mitigate long-term risks Additionally, this paper will review the concepts and methods useful in meeting the energy efficiency improvement rates required to mitigate long-term risks. Concepts reviewed include theoretical minimum energy use and energy bandwidths, while methods presented include Lean Energy and Whole-System Inside-Out methodologies.