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The application of virtual engineering methods can streamline the product design process through improved collaboration opportunities among the technical staff and facilitate additive manufacturing processes. A product digital twin can be created using the available computer-aided design and analytical mathematical models to numerically explore the current and future system performance based on operating cycles. The strategic decision to implement a digital twin is of interest to companies, whether the required financial and workforce resources will be worthwhile. In this paper, two metrics are introduced to assist management teams in evaluating the technology potential. The usefulness and time savings metrics will be presented with accompanying definitions. A case study highlights the usefulness metric for the “Deep Orange” prototype vehicle, an innovative off-road hybrid vehicle designed and fabricated at Clemson University.

The facial laceration test has been proposed as an addition to the dummy injury criteria of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208. To better understand laceration conditions as they actually occur, three road crashes of increasing severity, all involving facial laceration by the broken (cracked) windshield and one involving partial ejection, have been simulated physically and analytically. The physical simulations used vehicle test bucks, the Hybrid III head with the chamois facial coverings of the facial laceration test, and a piston - constrained Head Impactor. Computer simulations of the three crashes were also carried out using the CALSPAN 3D “CVS” and the 2D “DRISIM” computer programs. The computer simulations provide insight into the effective mass of the head and body on windshield contact, and the forces, velocities, and accelerations involved.

Air transportation is a technology sensitive field. The impressive growth that has taken place is reviewed and the interaction between technology and marketplace is examined. Future developments as suggested by current changes in the operating industry and technological trends are also discussed. It is concluded that technology will continue to support market growth in the foreseeable future, but cost effective applications increasingly present challenges to the manufacturing industry.

During the course of the C-5A Heavy Logistics Transport Studies, a new level of engine technology emerged. The object of this paper is to demonstrate what impact engines designed to that technology level would have on the commercial subsonic transport. Three cases have been considered: (1) installing new engines on an existing airframe, (2) increasing fuselage size and passenger capacity of an existing aircraft as well as fitting new engines, and (3) using a completely new aircraft with new engines.