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Current EuroNCAP test specifications attempt to predict pedestrian lower limb injury in a lateral impact with a rigid legform test device developed by the UK's TRL (Transportation Research Lab). Research shows that the measurements taken from this device (knee bending angle, knee shear, and upper tibia acceleration) do not necessarily correspond to accurate injury prediction. Recent research suggests that the primary improvement to the current test device would be a flexible legform, or one that has more biofidelity (i.e., simulates actual human lower limb response). The work presented in this paper first reviews current legforms developed for pedestrian impact testing, including the TRL impactor used in EuroNCAP tests, Honda's POLAR II pedestrian dummy, and JAMA/JARI's FLEX-PLI legform impactor. Component level testing shows the FLEX-PLI performance to be close to the human lower limb response corridors. However, there are still areas of potential improvement with this design.

Today's fan drive designs do not satisfy some of the cooling fan needs in Class 8 vehicles. This paper will discuss these needs and possible fan drive concepts that would meet those needs.