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Technical Paper

An Internally Heated Tip Injector to Reduce HC Emissions During Cold-Start

1999-03-01
1999-01-0792
The majority of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions in the FTP cycles are generated during cold starts when the catalyst is cold, and a large percentage of the injected fuel does not vaporize well. D Dduring this portion of the test, a wall film builds on the intake ports, fuel drips into the cylinder, and manifold pressure changes cause excursions in the air/fuel ratio (AFR). This paper presents the concept of heating fuel inside an injector to enhance vaporization in the intake manifold. Different injector parameters, such as heater temperature and injector tip geometry, were analyzed for different flow rates. The heat transfer inside the injector was investigated experimentally and numerically, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of the fuel spray was measured and evaluated under different vacuum conditions using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA).
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