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This paper addresses the problem of maintaining a stable rectified DC output from the three phase AC generator in a series-hybrid vehicle powertrain. In this case, the engine/generator combination is controlled by an electronic throttle, and the system as a whole can be represented as nonlinear with significant time delay. Previously, stable voltage control of the generator output has been achieved by model predictive methods such as the Smith Predictor, which rely on accurate system and time delay models, with associated computational complexity in the real-time controller, and as a necessity relies to some extent on the accuracy of the models. Two complementary performance objectives exist in the design of the control system. Firstly to maintain the internal combustion engine at its optimal operating point, and secondly to supply a stable DC supply to the traction drive inverters.

There are a large number of alternate approaches to duplicate human motion in the areas of virtual human performance and actual performance of human like robotic devices. Developed for specific purposes, the fidelity of such devices to actual human motion may vary considerably. The authors present a predetermined time system as an easy to learn and apply metric for evaluating the relationship of various devices to human performance. The paper will explain the use of the predetermined system, how such a system could be used as a metric for evaluating robotic activities, and some of the considerations when the simulations of task activity are compared to human performance.