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The purpose of this study is to identify the interactions by which the flow field induces cyclic combustion variability in S.I. engines, especially with lean mixtures. Two main interacting processes can be identified: convection by the “mean” large-scale velocity field, and wrinkling by the small-scale turbulence. In this work, the large-scale velocity field in the electrode gap is characterized with a single component of the low frequency velocity, and with the spark duration. The small scales are described by a high frequency fluctuation intensity prior to ignition. Two-component LDV measurements demonstrate the strong relation between the spark duration and the velocity amplitude between the electrodes. Multiple regression followed by an analysis of variance is used to calculate the contribution of each variable to the variation of the initiation duration. This duration is defined as the time from ignition to the 5% burnt fraction point determined from the pressure signal.

To simulate the air-fuel mixing in the intake ports and cylinders of internal combustion engines, a fuel liquid film model is developed for integration in 3D CFD codes. Phenomena taken into account include wall film formation by an impinging spray, film transport such as governed by mass and momentum equations with wall and air flow interactions and evaporation considering energy and convection mass transfer equations. A continuous-fluid method is used to describe the wall film over a three dimensional complex surface. The basic approximation is that of a laminar incompressible boundary layer; the liquid film equations are written in an integral form and solved by a first-order ALE finite volume scheme; the equation system is closed without coefficient fitting requirements. The model has been implemented in a Multi-Block version of KIVA 2 (KMB) and tested against problems having theoretical solutions.