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An analysis has been conducted on the hydrostatic drive system for driving a soil bin. A comparison of the bin velocity was made between the pure inertia load and inertia plus disturbance. Also, the pressure fluctuations that are predicted are quite sensitive to the leakage values chosen. A low leakage value predicts an oscillatory pressure response. Although no feedback was employed for the velocity output, the load disturbance changed the output velocity very little.

Ethanol has been injected through an atomizing nozzle into the intake manifold of a four cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. It was found that to avoid liquid droplet impingement on the compressor blades the injector needed to be located downstream of the compressor, in the high pressure section of the inlet manifold. 160 proof and 200 proof alcohols were investigated with a series of percentage substitutions at different speeds and loads. The fumigation of ethanol resulted in a slight improvement in thermal efficiency at high loads and a small reduction at light loads. The ignition delay and rate of pressure rise also increased significantly when ethanol was added to the engine. A change in the proof of ethanol from 160 to 200 did not produce any noticeable change in engine performance. Emission measurements were also made and are discussed. The problem of obtaining uniform cylinder to cylinder distribution of alcohol has been encountered.

The objective of this paper is to develop a comprehensive non-linear finite element model for determining failure behavior of hydrogen composite storage cylinders subjected to high pressure and flame impingements. A resin decomposition model is implemented to predict the residual resin content. A material degradation model is used to account for the loss of moduli. A failure model based on Hashin's failure theory is implemented to detect various types of composite failure. These sub-models are implemented in ABAQUS finite element code using user subroutine. Numerical results are presented for thermal damage, residual properties and resin content.

A newly-proposed hydroforming design of front rail was evaluated for product feasibility. Hydroforming and associated prebending and preforming processes were designed with the assistance of CAE tool. Optimized processing parameters were selected and the entire manufacturing process was simulated using FEA software. Potential manufacturing issues were identified and product modification was suggested accordingly.

Advanced material modeling was conducted to describe the thermal-mechanical behavior of Boron Steel during hot stamping, a process in which blanks at 900 °C are formed and quenched between cold dies. Plastic deformation, thermal dilatation and phase transformation were incorporated in the constitutive model and a user-defined subroutine was developed to interface with LS-DYNA. Simulation was conducted on the hot stamping process of a door intrusion beam to gain insight into the physics of the process. Results showed significant influence of the thermal cycle on final product. It was also demonstrated that the program developed can be used as an early feasibility tool to determine baseline processing parameters and to detect potential defects in products without physical prototyping.

This paper is the second one of a series of papers describing the All Terrain Vehicle “Trim Model”. The development of a four-wheeled ATV trim model is presented in this paper. Vehicle parameters such as the effect of a gear differential and an anti-roll bar on the understeer, neutral steer, oversteer characteristics were examined. The results were compared with the experiments and it was found that the trim solution was in close agreement with the experimental data.

This paper describes the steady-state handling characteristics of three-wheeled All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). A mathematical model, called the trim model which is based on the balance of forces and moments, has been developed for the dynamic analysis of the ATVs under steady, constant-radius turns. A numerical technique known as the continuation method has been used to solve the nonlinear simultaneous equations derived from the trim model. It is shown that the handling characteristics of an ATV are very different from those of an automobile. An ATV has a tendency to tip over under tight radius turns and should be handled with care. We believe that the results of this study can be used to design an ATV with improved handling characteristics.