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The prosperity of modern society is unthinkable without technology. One of the most important technical products so far is undoubtedly the automobile. It has been used by man to satisfy his deeprooted desire for freedom, independence and mobility. 500 million motor vehicles on the roads across the world are clear evidence of the fact that society no longer wants to forego the benefit of the automobile. According to the forecasts of several experts, the car population may reach 1.3 billion by the middle of the next century - if the markets keep developing as expected. This enormous growth rate places an obligation on engineers in the automobile industry to do everything to further improve the automobile. Above all, this demands an additional deduction of fuel consumption as well as efforts to keep negative impact on the environment to a minimum. Modern high speed direct injection diesel engines distinguish themselves from other internal combustion engines through their high efficiency.

Direct Injection technology represents a major breakthrough for both, Gasoline and Diesel engines with respect to reduction of fuel consumption and thus CO2 emissions. However, for compliance with future European emission regulations Euro 3 and Euro 4 both engine types will require massive further development including advanced exhaust aftertreatment for lean NOx conversion. Actual development trends for both engine types are presented.