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MAN and Shell have jointly investigated the effect of fuel properties on exhaust emissions from advanced engine technologies. MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG, the Austrian subsidiary Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge AG and Deutsche Shell AG started this bilateral cooperation in 1990 with the objective of identifying key fuel properties that influence emissions from a MAN heavy-duty engine meeting the EURO-I legislation. The intention of that investigation was to determine the effect of cetane number, total and poly-aromatics content and backend distillation [T90] on particulates and gaseous emissions. In parallel both companies participated in the EPEFE (European Program on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies) program which provided a broader understanding of fuel effects on emissions with different engine technologies under European test conditions.

An electronic system for the control of engine ignition timing has been developed for use in studies of the road anti-knock performance of gasolines. It does not require a crankshaft encoder, and operates using existing signals from the distributor. Static timing is controlled without alteration to the centrifugal or vacuum timing mechanisms. An additional feature identifies the cylinder (s) most prone to knock.