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This paper describes the development of a dilution mini-tunnel to allow measurement of diesel exhaust particulate emissions in transient operating cycles. The dimensions of the tunnel were 84 mm inner diameter and 1.7 m length. A fraction of the total exhaust gas is drawn into the tunnel by an air ejector. The amount of exhaust gas depends on the flow rate of driving air in the air ejector corresponds to the operating engine speed. Performance of the dilution mini-tunnel system was examined using a light-duty vehicle under steady-state conditions and FTP cycles. A good correlation was found between the particulate emission rates measured in the mini-tunnel system and those measured in a total exhaust dilution tunnel system.

In recent research, decreasing oil consumption and using a synthetic oil have been shown to be effective methods of reducing smoke emissions. However, the investigation of the constituents of white smoke and its environmental effect on humans have not been undertaken. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the characteristics and compositions of white smoke and to analyze its environmental effect on humans using Ames test, and to evaluate a control for reduction of emitted matter by steady-state engine tests. Emitted matters(EM) from synthetic oil is less than that of semi-synthetic and mineral oils under the same test conditions. Emission after treatment resulted in the lowest EM when simulating the results of the ISO 6460 test, which results showed a decrease to about 1/10. EM from two-stroke engine mainly consists of unburned engine-oil and more than 95 % of EM is soluble organic fraction (SOF).