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A newly developed AR series 4-cylinder engine has achieved high fuel efficiency through the following: adopting roller rocker arms for the valvetrain system and a variable output oil pump to reduce the friction losses, optimizing the combustion chamber and its cooling system for high compression ratio, and adopting VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) for both intake and exhaust camshafts to enhance thermal efficiency of the engine. Engine torque has been enhanced across the entire range of engine speeds while high performance at low engine speed is achieved by adopting a variable induction intake manifold system (ACIS-III). Output power has been enhanced by making the intake and exhaust systems highly efficient. A hinge type tumble control valves were developed to improve emissions at low temperature by improving combustion when the engine is cold in order to comply with the U.S. Cold-NMHC.

One of the authors previously presented a new concept for the application of multiplexing technology to the automobile (SAE 880589). That concept proposes dividing the wiring harnesses into separate systems, each of which is multiplexed on an individual basis. To implement multiplexed communications in vehicle systems based on this concept, new ICs have been developed that meet the various requirements for production model use. These ICs are designed for time-division multiplexing using a pulse count scheme and are provided with the following features to assure reliable communications against wiring harness trouble. The data bus uses active high logic and a self-clocking technique is employed for the data bits which are encoded using pulse-width modulation. Marks indicating the master synchronization interval are defined as a “low” level of long duration.