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First, this paper describes a measurement of the human back-backrest interface contours and a reduction procedure of the measured contours to reconstruct the statistical back contours of American 50 and 95-percentile male. Second, the paper illustrates the difference of the back contour between the statistical male drivers and SAE 3-D Manikin. Finally, the advantage of using the back contour model in experiment is given. The AM 50 back contour model was used as a loader to obtain the backrest pressure distribution and proved an excellent tool for backrest comfort evaluation.

The capability to predict the response of a vehicle body structure to frontal barrier crash is examined by a vehicle model represented by various lumped mass and non-linear resistance systems from that of one dimensional with minimal degrees of freedom to these of two dimensions and several degrees of freedom. Comparison between numerical calculation and full scale experiment demonstrates that on even a simple representation, the calculations are in good agreement with the experiment. Several methods of obtaining the resistance characteristics based on full scale experiments and quasi-static component crush testing are also presented. Further, distinctive characteristics and subjects to be considered of front wheel drive vehicle compared with front engine rear wheel drive one on passenger compartment integrity and occupant restraint performance are discussed.