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The objective of this study is to obtain a strategy for adapting injection and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conditions to various engine speeds. An experimental study was conducted using a single-cylinder test engine and varying the injection timings of two-stage injection, the injection-quantity ratio, the EGR rate, and the swirl ratio at low (1300 rpm) and high (2300 rpm) engine speeds. When using base injection conditions, the results indicated that problems occurred for the high maximum pressure rise rate at low engine speed and the low thermal efficiency at high engine speed. At low engine speed, retarding the injection timings and increasing the first-injection quantity ratio reduced the maximum pressure rise rate without sacrificing engine performance. At high engine speed, advancing the injection timings improved the thermal efficiency but increased smoke emission.

Stanley introduced during the SAE congress '87 a LED HMSL, for the first time in the world, which fully conformed to FMVSS 108, and which was ready to be installed on actual vehicles. In the following year, utilizing the accumulated technology through LED HMSL and the superiority of LED, we presented a paper on the development of LED rear combination lamp which has multi-function features, such as sequential turn signal, character and/or pattern displays in addition to conventional stop & tail function and which is thin in its shape and long life (maintenance free). This year, we have successfully developed a LED rear combination lamp with a built-in optical proximity sensor function fully integrating all the accumulated design technology and application technology of optical semiconductors for automotive LED lighting through the above developments.