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The EURO4 standard has been enforced since the year 2017 for European quadricycle. The vehicles are regulated upper limit of unladen weight and engine displacement, in addition to the exhaust emissions and the net power. In order to meet those regulations, the engine for European quadricycle is demanded low exhaust emissions and light weight. Further, it is required to be achieved good drivability, low fuel consumption, low noise and more compact. We introduce technologies to meet demand for European quadricycle in compliance with EURO4. The limit values of exhaust emissions have been strengthened in EURO4 standard compared to the previous one. As devices to improve the exhaust emissions, the exhaust-after-treatment devices and the common rail injection system are well known, whereas those devices make engine systems heavier. In addition, to satisfy high torque at low speed for better drivability, larger displacement is effective.

The advanced safe driving of vehicles have fully depended on the development of the safe driving systems. The final strategy must take the drivers skill into account. This paper describes a method to detect and evaluate driving skill. We present a new system to measure the curvature of driving loci against the distance by using speed and rate gyro sensors and present a method to extract the driving curvature from that of road itself. It includes the information of drivers' skill by which the driving conditions can be evaluated.

All of non-road diesel engines over 19 kW in North America are required to reduce further Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM) to meet US EPA emissions regulation. Especially, it is necessary to reduce PM emission up to one-tenth as conventional. In addition to improve combustion in engine, it is needed to add exhaust gas after-treatment device to reduce PM emission. It is necessary for diesel engine with exhaust gas after-treatment device, to have Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration system, which burns periodically PM in DPF. Generally, DPF regeneration is implemented by using post injection with common rail system. However, post injection is not available in small diesel engine which has mechanical injection system and IDI combustion system instead of common rail system. As an alternative way, an original fuel reformer technique is introduced for DPF regeneration.