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We changed only our conception without changing the same level of function and quality as conventional production. We thought about increasing the thickness of the filler pipe face by folding up steel pipe on itself. Through dual pipe forming method, we have achieved our goal of reducing the plate thickness (weight reduction) and supplying the filler pipe without the welding procedure with low cost. Therefore, we applied this techniques to the vehicles of TOYOTA MOTOR Co.,. (refer to Fig.4)

This paper describes the results of the study and research on ovate wire helical springs which have been jointly conducted by the members of the Japan Society for Spring Research consisting of the engineers from material suppliers, wire and spring producers and automotive manufacturers as well as researchers at Japanese universities. Attention is focused particularly on two types of wire cross sections, typical elliptical shape and Fuchs' egg-shape. Stresses on these two cross sections were analyzed by numerical calculations within the range of practical specification, and then the results have been compared with those of round wire spring. As a result, it has been found that the elliptical wire spring is superior to Fuchs- egg-shaped one for general application. Simple designing methods for the both types of wire helical springs have been developed based on the findings from the stress analysis.