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As the interest in global environmental protection increases, so do the worldwide social requirements of annually decreasing fuel consumption and producing cleaner exhaust gas. In California, a new special category of emissions standard, PZEV was implemented, as the most stringent emissions standard in the world. To meet this standard, it is crucial to decrease exhaust gas unburned hydrocarbon emissions, especially in cold start conditions. Toyota has sought a new approach to decrease these emissions and developed the Toyota Coolant Heat Storage System (CHSS). This system recovers hot engine coolant, in a heat-insulated reservoir, used for the next cold start, during and / or after engine operation and stores it in a reservoir during the engine-off soak period.

Until now, ATV engine crankshafts have been laid out transversely to the forward direction of travel. The TRX400FW features, for the first time, a longitudinally laid out crankshaft, contributing to a simple yet efficient powertrain. In addition, the development of lightweight push rods made of aluminum and steel balls, utilizing a newly developed welding method, an improved automatic decompression system was developed which allowed a smaller, lighter weight starting system. Additional advances in layout have resulted in a lightweight engine with a lower center of gravity best suited to ATV application.