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This paper describes the approach taken by the U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM), Tank-automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center's (TARDEC) National Automotive Center (NAC) to attain practical fuel cell applications for military ground vehicle auxiliary power. This discussion covers the reasons for wanting military vehicle fuel cell Auxiliary Power Units (APUs), their potential role in the Army Transformation, the complications of applying fuel cells in military vehicles, concepts for military vehicle fuel cell APUs, and the NAC's commercial partnership strategy for fuel cell APU development.

Modern natural gas-to-liquids (GTL) conversion processes (Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuels (FTL)) offers an attractive means for making synthetic liquid fuels. Military diesel and jet fuels are procured under Commercial Item Description (CID) A-A-52557 (based on ASTM D 975) and MIL-DTL-83133/MIL-DTL-5624 (JP-8/JP-5), respectively. The Single Fuel Forward (single fuel in the battlefield) policy requires the use of JP-8 or JP-5 (JP-8/5). Fuel properties crucial to fuel system/engine performance/operation are identified for both old and new tactical/non-tactical vehicles. The 21st Century Truck program is developing technology for improved safety, reduced harmful exhaust emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and reduced cost of ownership of future military and civilian ground vehicles (in the heavy duty category having gross vehicle weights exceeding 8500 pounds).[1]

Alternative fuels made from materials other than petroleum are available for use in alternative fueled vehicles (AFVs) and some conventional vehicles. Liquid fuels such as biodiesel could be used in U.S. Army or other Military/Federal Government compression ignition (CI) engine powered vehicles. The military combat/tactical fleet is exempt from Federal Government mandates to use alternative fueled vehicles and has adopted JP-8/JP-5 jet fuel as the primary military fuel. The Army non-tactical fleet and other Federal nonexempt CI engine powered vehicles are possible candidates for using biodiesel. Inclusion of biodiesel as an alternative fuel qualifying for alternative fueled vehicle credits for fleets required to meet AFV requirements has allowed for its use at 20 (minimum) percent biodiesel in petroleum diesel fuel. Alternative fuels are being considered for the 21st Century Truck (21T) program. [1]

Tracked vehicles offer many advantages off road in difficult terrain. A primary factor limiting their application, however, has been providing a capable steering system at reasonable cost. This problem has been solved in high speed military tracked vehicles where cost is not the dominant factor. Now a new tracked vehicle steering unit has been developed which provides the same performance as the most advanced military systems, but which is manufactured economically from standard automotive components. This can be matched with standard engines and transmissions to give vehicle performance which formerly could not be obtained at a commercially acceptable price.

This paper discusses the impact of changing mission requirements on combat vehicle design and of new combat vehicle technology on tactics. A major shift in ground warfare tactics is predicted based on new developments in technology and historical precedents. It was written to provide an introduction and framework for the session on combat and tactical vehicles of which it was part.

In August of 1982, the US Army Tank-Automotive Command (TACOM), initiated the first phase of the Advanced Integrated Propulsion System (AIPS) program by awarding six design analysis contracts. The AIPS program is aimed at competitively developing and producing a power package for application to the future heavy combat vehicle weight class. This paper reviews the purpose, schedule, target goals, and acquisition strategy of the AIPS program. The AIPS development differs from past programs in several ways. Technically, the engine, transmission and other subsystems will be designed and developed together as a totally integrated propulsion system. With regard to management of the program, the Government is examining acquisition strategies with the intent of insuring competition throughout all phases (research, development, and production) and achieving the simultaneous qualification of two production sources. The final acquisition strategy has yet to be determined.