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It is well-known that ammonia is the active molecule for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel exhaust. However, the use of liquid ammonia for on-board storage in a pressure vessel has been excluded due to safety issues. The industry has thus far chosen urea dissolved in distilled water (AdBlue®) for storage in order to overcome the safety issues, but critical challenges must be overcome for efficient vehicle integration when indirect ammonia storage in the form of urea is applied. These challenges are related to the handling of the liquid in the tank as well as the conversion of urea to ammonia and CO2 inside the exhaust line. This paper presents a technology for safe, on-board ammonia storage. It is a technology that enables direct ammonia dosing for NOx abatement using a simple, high-density storage and delivery system. The storage concept, which is based on metal ammine complexes, will be presented along with system design and performance data.

This paper presents a method that enables a significant reduction of the hydrocarbon massemission and other pollutants of the exhaust gas from the most popular type of engine used for passenger cars: The four-stroke, spark ignited piston engine. The method is based on influencing only the internal process by a sophisticated concept of motor-controlling. The optimized parameters are A/F-ratio and timing of heat release. Any further devices concerning ignition system, injection system, exhaust system or sensors are not required. The method is proven at cold condition and non-stationary operation. The tests have been carried out on a close loop controlled engine teststand that is able to simulate a realistic driving curve. The method is practicable even and specially soon after the start, and it can be optimized in combination with the threeway-catalyst.