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In comparison to other vehicles motorcycles have very special driving characteristics, so the typical use of motorcycles is clearly distinct from the use of passenger cars. At Darmstadt University the riding behavior of motorcyclists has been experimentally investigated [2, 3, 4, 5], especially in order to determine their exhaust and noise emissions in real traffic. The results and the essential differences between motorcycles and cars should be considered in the discussion of testing methods and limiting values, e.g., for exhaust and noise emissions of two-wheelers. This paper presents a comparison between the typical driving performance of motorcycles and passenger cars and contains results of motorcycle exhaust and noise emission measurements in real traffic and in statutory tests. The current legal measuring standards are found not to represent the reality of motorcycle traffic in a sufficient manner.

In support of the Columbus ECLSS, a technology development program has been performed on four items: Regenerative CO2 removal Trace Gas Contamination Control Trace Gas Contamination Monitoring Low Noise Variable Speed Fan This paper describes the contents and results of the concluding Subsystem Level Tests and consecutive programme extensions which concentrated on: performance of the Contamination Monitoring Unit noise generation of the Variable Speed Fan lifetime tests of the CO2 removal solid amine closed water loop operation of a solid amine CO2 removal unit

This paper presents the design and the test results of a regenerative carbon dioxide control system, using solid ion exchange materials. The system applies a two bed approach with regeneration by steam and is designed far a 3 man operation. Two adsorber materials were investigated and applied throughout the tests. The system contains an evaporator, two adsorber beds, a condensing heat exchanger and an electronic controller. Test results concern the major performance parameters like CO2-loading, pressure loss, moisture range, stability ranges and energy required for dessorption. Furthermore, material dedicated analysis has been performed regarding offgassing products during operation.

The scenarios of Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) which will be necessary within the next sixty years are outlined. From this the need for technologies are derived and condensed in a programme plan. Technologies necessary for the Columbus Initial Operating Configuration (IOC) are already under development. The status of this programme which includes the development of regenerative CO2-control, condensing heat exchanger, contamination control and monitoring and a low noise variable speed fan is described. The areas where the technological development should start immediately are discussed.