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This paper addresses issues associated with the accurate determination of gross heat release energy. The magnitude of analysis and measurement errors has been quantified using simulated and measured gasoline engine pressure data. This has revealed that calculated gross heat release is very sensitive to the assumed ratio of specific heats, charge to wall heat transfer and pressure data errors. Two improved heat release models have been proposed and further investigated and shown to generally give good performance for specific applications although further work is required to fully quantify their accuracy.